]> gitweb.stoutner.com Git - PrivacyBrowserAndroid.git/blobdiff - app/src/main/java/com/stoutner/privacybrowser/activities/MainWebViewActivity.java
Migrate to AndroidX from the Android Support Library. https://redmine.stoutner.com...
[PrivacyBrowserAndroid.git] / app / src / main / java / com / stoutner / privacybrowser / activities / MainWebViewActivity.java
index 4f15fbc32adc8b85cae1cdcfb67be1f77f3de57c..bbdf85308e4233836b2347e52608dace7a0d2c92 100644 (file)
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ package com.stoutner.privacybrowser.activities;
 import android.Manifest;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.app.Activity;
-import android.app.DialogFragment;
 import android.app.DownloadManager;
 import android.app.SearchManager;
 import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException;
@@ -55,25 +54,6 @@ import android.os.Handler;
 import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
 import android.print.PrintDocumentAdapter;
 import android.print.PrintManager;
-import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout;
-import android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton;
-import android.support.design.widget.NavigationView;
-import android.support.design.widget.Snackbar;
-import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
-import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
-// `ShortcutInfoCompat`, `ShortcutManagerCompat`, and `IconCompat` can be switched to the non-compat version once API >= 26.
-import android.support.v4.content.pm.ShortcutInfoCompat;
-import android.support.v4.content.pm.ShortcutManagerCompat;
-import android.support.v4.graphics.drawable.IconCompat;
-import android.support.v4.view.GravityCompat;
-import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
-import android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout;
-import android.support.v7.app.ActionBar;
-import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
-import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
-import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDialogFragment;
-import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
 import android.text.Editable;
 import android.text.Spanned;
 import android.text.TextWatcher;
@@ -113,6 +93,28 @@ import android.widget.RadioButton;
 import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
 import android.widget.TextView;
 
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.appcompat.app.ActionBar;
+import androidx.appcompat.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
+import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
+import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;
+import androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout;
+import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
+import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
+// `ShortcutInfoCompat`, `ShortcutManagerCompat`, and `IconCompat` can be switched to the non-compat versions once API >= 26.
+import androidx.core.content.pm.ShortcutInfoCompat;
+import androidx.core.content.pm.ShortcutManagerCompat;
+import androidx.core.graphics.drawable.IconCompat;
+import androidx.core.view.GravityCompat;
+import androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout;
+import androidx.fragment.app.DialogFragment;
+import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
+import androidx.swiperefreshlayout.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout;
+
+import com.google.android.material.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton;
+import com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView;
+import com.google.android.material.snackbar.Snackbar;
+
 import com.stoutner.privacybrowser.BuildConfig;
 import com.stoutner.privacybrowser.R;
 import com.stoutner.privacybrowser.dialogs.AdConsentDialog;
@@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     public static String formattedUrlString;
 
     // `sslCertificate` is public static so it can be accessed from `DomainsActivity`, `DomainsListFragment`, `DomainSettingsFragment`, `PinnedMismatchDialog`, and `ViewSslCertificateDialog`.
-    // It is also used in `onCreate()`.
+    // It is also used in `onCreate()` and `checkPinnedMismatch()`.
     public static SslCertificate sslCertificate;
 
     // `currentHostIpAddresses` is public static so it can be accessed from `DomainSettingsFragment` and `ViewSslCertificateDialog`.
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     // `domainSettingsDatabaseId` is public static so it can be accessed from `PinnedMismatchDialog`.  It is also used in `onCreate()`, `onOptionsItemSelected()`, and `applyDomainSettings()`.
     public static int domainSettingsDatabaseId;
 
-    // The pinned variables are public static so they can be accessed from `PinnedMismatchDialog`.  They are also used in `onCreate()` and `applyDomainSettings()`.
+    // The pinned variables are public static so they can be accessed from `PinnedMismatchDialog`.  They are also used in `onCreate()`, `applyDomainSettings()`, and `checkPinnedMismatch()`.
     public static String pinnedSslIssuedToCName;
     public static String pinnedSslIssuedToOName;
     public static String pinnedSslIssuedToUName;
@@ -291,17 +293,28 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     public final static int DOMAINS_CUSTOM_USER_AGENT = 13;
 
 
-    // `appBar` is used in `onCreate()`, `onOptionsItemSelected()`, `closeFindOnPage()`, `applyAppSettings()`, and `applyProxyThroughOrbot()`.
-    private ActionBar appBar;
 
-    // `navigatingHistory` is used in `onCreate()`, `onNavigationItemSelected()`, `onSslMismatchBack()`, and `applyDomainSettings()`.
-    private boolean navigatingHistory;
+    // `urlIsLoading` is used in `onCreate()`, `onCreateOptionsMenu()`, `loadUrl()`, `applyDomainSettings()`, and `GetHostIpAddresses`.
+    private static boolean urlIsLoading;
+
+    // `gettingIpAddresses` is used in `onCreate() and `GetHostIpAddresses`.
+    private static boolean gettingIpAddresses;
+
+    // `pinnedDomainSslCertificate` is used in `onCreate()`, `applyDomainSettings()`, and `checkPinnedMismatch()`.
+    private static boolean pinnedSslCertificate;
 
-    // `drawerLayout` is used in `onCreate()`, `onNewIntent()`, `onBackPressed()`, and `onRestart()`.
-    private DrawerLayout drawerLayout;
+    // `pinnedIpAddress` is used in `applyDomainSettings()` and `checkPinnedMismatch()`.
+    private static boolean pinnedIpAddresses;
 
-    // `rootCoordinatorLayout` is used in `onCreate()` and `applyAppSettings()`.
-    private CoordinatorLayout rootCoordinatorLayout;
+    // `ignorePinnedDomainInformation` is used in `onSslMismatchProceed()`, `applyDomainSettings()`, and `checkPinnedMismatch()`.
+    private static boolean ignorePinnedDomainInformation;
+
+    // The fragment manager is initialized in `onCreate()` and accessed from the static `checkPinnedMismatch()`.
+    private static FragmentManager fragmentManager;
+
+
+    // `navigatingHistory` is used in `onCreate()`, `onNavigationItemSelected()`, `onSslMismatchBack()`, and `applyDomainSettings()`.
+    private boolean navigatingHistory;
 
     // `mainWebView` is used in `onCreate()`, `onPrepareOptionsMenu()`, `onOptionsItemSelected()`, `onNavigationItemSelected()`, `onRestart()`, `onCreateContextMenu()`, `findPreviousOnPage()`,
     // `findNextOnPage()`, `closeFindOnPage()`, `loadUrlFromTextBox()`, `onSslMismatchBack()`, and `applyProxyThroughOrbot()`.
@@ -310,9 +323,6 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     // `fullScreenVideoFrameLayout` is used in `onCreate()` and `onConfigurationChanged()`.
     private FrameLayout fullScreenVideoFrameLayout;
 
-    // `swipeRefreshLayout` is used in `onCreate()`, `onPrepareOptionsMenu()`, `onOptionsItemSelected()`, and `onRestart()`.
-    private SwipeRefreshLayout swipeRefreshLayout;
-
     // `urlAppBarRelativeLayout` is used in `onCreate()` and `applyDomainSettings()`.
     private RelativeLayout urlAppBarRelativeLayout;
 
@@ -413,15 +423,6 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     // `currentDomainName` is used in `onCreate()`, `onOptionsItemSelected()`, `onNavigationItemSelected()`, `onAddDomain()`, and `applyDomainSettings()`.
     private String currentDomainName;
 
-    // `pinnedDomainSslCertificate` is used in `onCreate()` and `applyDomainSettings()`.
-    private boolean pinnedSslCertificate;
-
-    // `pinnedIpAddress` is used in `onCreate()` and `applyDomainSettings()`.
-    private boolean pinnedIpAddresses;
-
-    // `ignorePinnedDomainInformation` is used in `onCreate()`, `onSslMismatchProceed()`, and `applyDomainSettings()`.
-    private boolean ignorePinnedDomainInformation;
-
     // `orbotStatusBroadcastReceiver` is used in `onCreate()` and `onDestroy()`.
     private BroadcastReceiver orbotStatusBroadcastReceiver;
 
@@ -449,11 +450,8 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     // `displayAdditionalAppBarIcons` is used in `onCreate()` and `onCreateOptionsMenu()`.
     private boolean displayAdditionalAppBarIcons;
 
-    // `drawerToggle` is used in `onCreate()`, `onPostCreate()`, `onConfigurationChanged()`, `onNewIntent()`, and `onNavigationItemSelected()`.
-    private ActionBarDrawerToggle drawerToggle;
-
-    // `supportAppBar` is used in `onCreate()`, `onOptionsItemSelected()`, and `closeFindOnPage()`.
-    private Toolbar supportAppBar;
+    // The action bar drawer toggle is initialized in `onCreate()` and used in `onPostCreate()`.
+    private ActionBarDrawerToggle actionBarDrawerToggle;
 
     // `urlTextBox` is used in `onCreate()`, `onOptionsItemSelected()`, `loadUrlFromTextBox()`, `loadUrl()`, and `highlightUrlText()`.
     private EditText urlTextBox;
@@ -477,12 +475,6 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     // `inputMethodManager` is used in `onOptionsItemSelected()`, `loadUrlFromTextBox()`, and `closeFindOnPage()`.
     private InputMethodManager inputMethodManager;
 
-    // `mainWebViewRelativeLayout` is used in `onCreate()` and `onNavigationItemSelected()`.
-    private RelativeLayout mainWebViewRelativeLayout;
-
-    // `urlIsLoading` is used in `onCreate()`, `onCreateOptionsMenu()`, `loadUrl()`, and `applyDomainSettings()`.
-    private boolean urlIsLoading;
-
     // `bookmarksDatabaseHelper` is used in `onCreate()`, `onDestroy`, `onOptionsItemSelected()`, `onCreateBookmark()`, `onCreateBookmarkFolder()`, `onSaveEditBookmark()`, `onSaveEditBookmarkFolder()`,
     // and `loadBookmarksFolder()`.
     private BookmarksDatabaseHelper bookmarksDatabaseHelper;
@@ -553,23 +545,22 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         // Set the content view.
         setContentView(R.layout.main_drawerlayout);
 
-        // Get a handle for the resources.
+        // Get handles for views, resources, and managers.
         Resources resources = getResources();
-
-        // Get a handle for `inputMethodManager`.
+        fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
         inputMethodManager = (InputMethodManager) getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);
+        Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
 
-        // `SupportActionBar` from `android.support.v7.app.ActionBar` must be used until the minimum API is >= 21.
-        supportAppBar = findViewById(R.id.app_bar);
-        setSupportActionBar(supportAppBar);
-        appBar = getSupportActionBar();
+        // Set the action bar.  `SupportActionBar` must be used until the minimum API is >= 21.
+        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
+        ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
 
-        // This is needed to get rid of the Android Studio warning that `appBar` might be null.
-        assert appBar != null;
+        // This is needed to get rid of the Android Studio warning that the action bar might be null.
+        assert actionBar != null;
 
         // Add the custom `url_app_bar` layout, which shows the favorite icon and the URL text bar.
-        appBar.setCustomView(R.layout.url_app_bar);
-        appBar.setDisplayOptions(ActionBar.DISPLAY_SHOW_CUSTOM);
+        actionBar.setCustomView(R.layout.url_app_bar);
+        actionBar.setDisplayOptions(ActionBar.DISPLAY_SHOW_CUSTOM);
 
         // Initialize the foreground color spans for highlighting the URLs.  We have to use the deprecated `getColor()` until API >= 23.
         redColorSpan = new ForegroundColorSpan(resources.getColor(R.color.red_a700));
@@ -639,15 +630,15 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         // Register `orbotStatusBroadcastReceiver` on `this` context.
         this.registerReceiver(orbotStatusBroadcastReceiver, new IntentFilter("org.torproject.android.intent.action.STATUS"));
 
-        // Get handles for views that need to be accessed.
-        drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawerlayout);
-        rootCoordinatorLayout = findViewById(R.id.root_coordinatorlayout);
+        // Get handles for views that need to be modified.
+        DrawerLayout drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawerlayout);
+        CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout = findViewById(R.id.coordinatorlayout);
         bookmarksListView = findViewById(R.id.bookmarks_drawer_listview);
         bookmarksTitleTextView = findViewById(R.id.bookmarks_title_textview);
         FloatingActionButton launchBookmarksActivityFab = findViewById(R.id.launch_bookmarks_activity_fab);
         FloatingActionButton createBookmarkFolderFab = findViewById(R.id.create_bookmark_folder_fab);
         FloatingActionButton createBookmarkFab = findViewById(R.id.create_bookmark_fab);
-        mainWebViewRelativeLayout = findViewById(R.id.main_webview_relativelayout);
+        SwipeRefreshLayout swipeRefreshLayout = findViewById(R.id.swiperefreshlayout);
         mainWebView = findViewById(R.id.main_webview);
         findOnPageLinearLayout = findViewById(R.id.find_on_page_linearlayout);
         findOnPageEditText = findViewById(R.id.find_on_page_edittext);
@@ -682,16 +673,16 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
 
         // Set the create new bookmark folder FAB to display an alert dialog.
         createBookmarkFolderFab.setOnClickListener(v -> {
-            // Show the `CreateBookmarkFolderDialog` `AlertDialog` and name the instance `@string/create_folder`.
-            AppCompatDialogFragment createBookmarkFolderDialog = new CreateBookmarkFolderDialog();
-            createBookmarkFolderDialog.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), resources.getString(R.string.create_folder));
+            // Show the create bookmark folder dialog and name the instance `@string/create_folder`.
+            DialogFragment createBookmarkFolderDialog = new CreateBookmarkFolderDialog();
+            createBookmarkFolderDialog.show(fragmentManager, resources.getString(R.string.create_folder));
         });
 
         // Set the create new bookmark FAB to display an alert dialog.
         createBookmarkFab.setOnClickListener(view -> {
-            // Show the `CreateBookmarkDialog` `AlertDialog` and name the instance `@string/create_bookmark`.
-            AppCompatDialogFragment createBookmarkDialog = new CreateBookmarkDialog();
-            createBookmarkDialog.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), resources.getString(R.string.create_bookmark));
+            // Show the create bookmark dialog and name the instance `@string/create_bookmark`.
+            DialogFragment createBookmarkDialog = new CreateBookmarkDialog();
+            createBookmarkDialog.show(fragmentManager, resources.getString(R.string.create_bookmark));
         });
 
         // Create a double-tap listener to toggle full-screen mode.
@@ -704,8 +695,8 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                     inFullScreenBrowsingMode = !inFullScreenBrowsingMode;
 
                     if (inFullScreenBrowsingMode) {  // Switch to full screen mode.
-                        // Hide the `appBar`.
-                        appBar.hide();
+                        // Hide the action bar.
+                        actionBar.hide();
 
                         // Hide the banner ad in the free flavor.
                         if (BuildConfig.FLAVOR.contentEquals("free")) {
@@ -725,13 +716,13 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                              * SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION hides the navigation bar on the bottom or right of the screen.
                              * SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY makes the status and navigation bars translucent and automatically re-hides them after they are shown.
                              */
-                            rootCoordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY);
+                            coordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY);
 
-                            // Set `rootCoordinatorLayout` to fill the whole screen.
-                            rootCoordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(false);
+                            // Set the coordinator layout to fill the entire screen.
+                            coordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(false);
                         } else {  // Hide everything except the status and navigation bars.
-                            // Set `rootCoordinatorLayout` to fit under the status and navigation bars.
-                            rootCoordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(false);
+                            // Set the coordinator layout to fill the entire screen.
+                            coordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(false);
 
                             // There is an Android Support Library bug that causes a scrim to print on the right side of the `Drawer Layout` when the navigation bar is displayed on the right of the screen.
                             if (translucentNavigationBarOnFullscreen) {
@@ -740,8 +731,8 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                             }
                         }
                     } else {  // Switch to normal viewing mode.
-                        // Show the `appBar`.
-                        appBar.show();
+                        // Show the action bar.
+                        actionBar.show();
 
                         // Show the `BannerAd` in the free flavor.
                         if (BuildConfig.FLAVOR.contentEquals("free")) {
@@ -755,11 +746,11 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                         // Add the translucent status flag if it is unset.  This also resets `drawerLayout's` `View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_FULLSCREEN`.
                         getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS);
 
-                        // Remove any `SYSTEM_UI` flags from `rootCoordinatorLayout`.
-                        rootCoordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(0);
+                        // Remove any `SYSTEM_UI` flags from the coordinator layout.
+                        coordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(0);
 
-                        // Constrain `rootCoordinatorLayout` inside the status and navigation bars.
-                        rootCoordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(true);
+                        // Constrain the coordinator layout inside the status and navigation bars.
+                        coordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(true);
                     }
 
                     // Consume the double-tap.
@@ -771,9 +762,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         });
 
         // Pass all touch events on `mainWebView` through `gestureDetector` to check for double-taps.
-        mainWebView.setOnTouchListener((View v, MotionEvent event) -> {
+        mainWebView.setOnTouchListener((View view, MotionEvent event) -> {
             // Call `performClick()` on the view, which is required for accessibility.
-            v.performClick();
+            view.performClick();
 
             // Send the `event` to `gestureDetector`.
             return gestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event);
@@ -836,7 +827,6 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         });
 
         // Implement swipe to refresh.
-        swipeRefreshLayout = findViewById(R.id.swiperefreshlayout);
         swipeRefreshLayout.setOnRefreshListener(() -> mainWebView.reload());
 
         // Set the swipe to refresh color according to the theme.
@@ -910,12 +900,12 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 oldFolderNameString = bookmarksCursor.getString(bookmarksCursor.getColumnIndex(BookmarksDatabaseHelper.BOOKMARK_NAME));
 
                 // Show the edit bookmark folder `AlertDialog` and name the instance `@string/edit_folder`.
-                AppCompatDialogFragment editFolderDialog = EditBookmarkFolderDialog.folderDatabaseId(databaseId);
-                editFolderDialog.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), resources.getString(R.string.edit_folder));
+                DialogFragment editBookmarkFolderDialog = EditBookmarkFolderDialog.folderDatabaseId(databaseId);
+                editBookmarkFolderDialog.show(fragmentManager, resources.getString(R.string.edit_folder));
             } else {
                 // Show the edit bookmark `AlertDialog` and name the instance `@string/edit_bookmark`.
-                AppCompatDialogFragment editBookmarkDialog = EditBookmarkDialog.bookmarkDatabaseId(databaseId);
-                editBookmarkDialog.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), resources.getString(R.string.edit_bookmark));
+                DialogFragment editBookmarkDialog = EditBookmarkDialog.bookmarkDatabaseId(databaseId);
+                editBookmarkDialog.show(fragmentManager, resources.getString(R.string.edit_bookmark));
             }
 
             // Consume the event.
@@ -981,8 +971,8 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
             }
         });
 
-        // drawerToggle creates the hamburger icon at the start of the AppBar.
-        drawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, drawerLayout, supportAppBar, R.string.open_navigation_drawer, R.string.close_navigation_drawer);
+        // Create the hamburger icon at the start of the AppBar.
+        actionBarDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, drawerLayout, toolbar, R.string.open_navigation_drawer, R.string.close_navigation_drawer);
 
         // Get a handle for the progress bar.
         final ProgressBar progressBar = findViewById(R.id.progress_bar);
@@ -1081,10 +1071,13 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                  * SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION hides the navigation bar on the bottom or right of the screen.
                  * SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY makes the status and navigation bars translucent and automatically re-hides them after they are shown.
                  */
-                rootCoordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY);
+                coordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY);
 
-                // Set `rootCoordinatorLayout` to fill the entire screen.
-                rootCoordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(false);
+                // Set the coordinator layout to fill the entire screen.
+                coordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(false);
+
+                // Hide the action bar.
+                actionBar.hide();
 
                 // Disable the sliding drawers.
                 drawerLayout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED);
@@ -1123,10 +1116,10 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                          * SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION hides the navigation bar on the bottom or right of the screen.
                          * SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY makes the status and navigation bars translucent and automatically re-hides them after they are shown.
                          */
-                        rootCoordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY);
+                        coordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY);
                     } else {  // Hide everything except the status and navigation bars.
-                        // Remove any `SYSTEM_UI` flags from `rootCoordinatorLayout`.
-                        rootCoordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(0);
+                        // Remove any `SYSTEM_UI` flags from the coordinator layout.
+                        coordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(0);
 
                         // Add the translucent status flag if it is unset.
                         getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS);
@@ -1140,19 +1133,19 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                         }
                     }
                 } else {  // Switch to normal viewing mode.
-                    // Show the `appBar` if `findOnPageLinearLayout` is not visible.
+                    // Show the action bar if the find on page linear layout is not visible.
                     if (findOnPageLinearLayout.getVisibility() == View.GONE) {
-                        appBar.show();
+                        actionBar.show();
                     }
 
                     // Show the `BannerAd` in the free flavor.
                     if (BuildConfig.FLAVOR.contentEquals("free")) {
                         // Initialize the ad.  The AdView is destroyed and recreated, which changes the ID, every time it is reloaded to handle possible rotations.
-                        AdHelper.initializeAds(findViewById(R.id.adview), getApplicationContext(), getFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.google_app_id), getString(R.string.ad_unit_id));
+                        AdHelper.initializeAds(findViewById(R.id.adview), getApplicationContext(), fragmentManager, getString(R.string.google_app_id), getString(R.string.ad_unit_id));
                     }
 
-                    // Remove any `SYSTEM_UI` flags from `rootCoordinatorLayout`.
-                    rootCoordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(0);
+                    // Remove any `SYSTEM_UI` flags from the coordinator layout.
+                    coordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(0);
 
                     // Remove the translucent navigation bar flag if it is set.
                     getWindow().clearFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION);
@@ -1160,8 +1153,11 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                     // Add the translucent status flag if it is unset.  This also resets `drawerLayout's` `View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_FULLSCREEN`.
                     getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS);
 
-                    // Constrain `rootCoordinatorLayout` inside the status and navigation bars.
-                    rootCoordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(true);
+                    // Constrain the coordinator layout inside the status and navigation bars.
+                    coordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(true);
+
+                    // Show the action bar.
+                    actionBar.show();
                 }
 
                 // Show the ad if this is the free flavor.
@@ -1213,17 +1209,17 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                         DialogFragment downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment = DownloadLocationPermissionDialog.downloadType(DownloadLocationPermissionDialog.DOWNLOAD_FILE);
 
                         // Show the download location permission alert dialog.  The permission will be requested when the the dialog is closed.
-                        downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment.show(getFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download_location));
+                        downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download_location));
                     } else {  // Show the permission request directly.
                         // Request the permission.  The download dialog will be launched by `onRequestPermissionResult()`.
                         ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, DOWNLOAD_FILE_REQUEST_CODE);
                     }
                 } else {  // The storage permission has already been granted.
                     // Get a handle for the download file alert dialog.
-                    AppCompatDialogFragment downloadFileDialogFragment = DownloadFileDialog.fromUrl(url, contentDisposition, contentLength);
+                    DialogFragment downloadFileDialogFragment = DownloadFileDialog.fromUrl(url, contentDisposition, contentLength);
 
                     // Show the download file alert dialog.
-                    downloadFileDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download));
+                    downloadFileDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download));
                 }
             }
         });
@@ -1600,13 +1596,17 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 httpAuthHandler = handler;
 
                 // Display the HTTP authentication dialog.
-                AppCompatDialogFragment httpAuthenticationDialogFragment = HttpAuthenticationDialog.displayDialog(host, realm);
-                httpAuthenticationDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.http_authentication));
+                DialogFragment httpAuthenticationDialogFragment = HttpAuthenticationDialog.displayDialog(host, realm);
+                httpAuthenticationDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.http_authentication));
             }
 
             // Update the URL in urlTextBox when the page starts to load.
             @Override
             public void onPageStarted(WebView view, String url, Bitmap favicon) {
+                // Set `urlIsLoading` to `true`, so that redirects while loading do not trigger changes in the user agent, which forces another reload of the existing page.
+                // This is also used to determine when to check for pinned mismatches.
+                urlIsLoading = true;
+
                 // Reset the list of host IP addresses.
                 currentHostIpAddresses = "";
 
@@ -1631,7 +1631,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 inputMethodManager.hideSoftInputFromWindow(mainWebView.getWindowToken(), 0);
 
                 // Check to see if Privacy Browser is waiting on Orbot.
-                if (!waitingForOrbot) {  // We are not waiting on Orbot, so we need to process the URL.
+                if (!waitingForOrbot) {  // Process the URL.
                     // The formatted URL string must be updated at the beginning of the load, so that if the user toggles JavaScript during the load the new website is reloaded.
                     formattedUrlString = url;
 
@@ -1661,9 +1661,6 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                         }
                     }
 
-                    // Set `urlIsLoading` to `true`, so that redirects while loading do not trigger changes in the user agent, which forces another reload of the existing page.
-                    urlIsLoading = true;
-
                     // Replace Refresh with Stop if the menu item has been created.  (The WebView typically begins loading before the menu items are instantiated.)
                     if (refreshMenuItem != null) {
                         // Set the title.
@@ -1710,8 +1707,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                     }
                 }
 
-                // Reset `urlIsLoading`, which is used to prevent reloads on redirect if the user agent changes.
-                urlIsLoading = false;
+
 
                 // Clear the cache and history if Incognito Mode is enabled.
                 if (incognitoModeEnabled) {
@@ -1768,69 +1764,14 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                     // Store the SSL certificate so it can be accessed from `ViewSslCertificateDialog` and `PinnedMismatchDialog`.
                     sslCertificate = mainWebView.getCertificate();
 
-                    // Check the current website information against any pinned domain information.
-                    if ((pinnedSslCertificate || pinnedIpAddresses) && !ignorePinnedDomainInformation) {
-                        // Initialize the current SSL certificate variables.
-                        String currentWebsiteIssuedToCName = "";
-                        String currentWebsiteIssuedToOName = "";
-                        String currentWebsiteIssuedToUName = "";
-                        String currentWebsiteIssuedByCName = "";
-                        String currentWebsiteIssuedByOName = "";
-                        String currentWebsiteIssuedByUName = "";
-                        Date currentWebsiteSslStartDate = null;
-                        Date currentWebsiteSslEndDate = null;
-
-
-                        // Extract the individual pieces of information from the current website SSL certificate if it is not null.
-                        if (sslCertificate != null) {
-                            currentWebsiteIssuedToCName = sslCertificate.getIssuedTo().getCName();
-                            currentWebsiteIssuedToOName = sslCertificate.getIssuedTo().getOName();
-                            currentWebsiteIssuedToUName = sslCertificate.getIssuedTo().getUName();
-                            currentWebsiteIssuedByCName = sslCertificate.getIssuedBy().getCName();
-                            currentWebsiteIssuedByOName = sslCertificate.getIssuedBy().getOName();
-                            currentWebsiteIssuedByUName = sslCertificate.getIssuedBy().getUName();
-                            currentWebsiteSslStartDate = sslCertificate.getValidNotBeforeDate();
-                            currentWebsiteSslEndDate = sslCertificate.getValidNotAfterDate();
-                        }
-
-                        // Initialize string variables to store the SSL certificate dates.  Strings are needed to compare the values below, which doesn't work with `Dates` if they are `null`.
-                        String currentWebsiteSslStartDateString = "";
-                        String currentWebsiteSslEndDateString = "";
-                        String pinnedSslStartDateString = "";
-                        String pinnedSslEndDateString = "";
-
-                        // Convert the `Dates` to `Strings` if they are not `null`.
-                        if (currentWebsiteSslStartDate != null) {
-                            currentWebsiteSslStartDateString = currentWebsiteSslStartDate.toString();
-                        }
-
-                        if (currentWebsiteSslEndDate != null) {
-                            currentWebsiteSslEndDateString = currentWebsiteSslEndDate.toString();
-                        }
-
-                        if (pinnedSslStartDate != null) {
-                            pinnedSslStartDateString = pinnedSslStartDate.toString();
-                        }
-
-                        if (pinnedSslEndDate != null) {
-                            pinnedSslEndDateString = pinnedSslEndDate.toString();
-                        }
-
-                        // Check to see if the pinned information matches the current information.
-                        if ((pinnedIpAddresses && !currentHostIpAddresses.equals(pinnedHostIpAddresses)) || (pinnedSslCertificate && (!currentWebsiteIssuedToCName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedToCName) ||
-                                !currentWebsiteIssuedToOName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedToOName) || !currentWebsiteIssuedToUName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedToUName) ||
-                                !currentWebsiteIssuedByCName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedByCName) || !currentWebsiteIssuedByOName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedByOName) ||
-                                !currentWebsiteIssuedByUName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedByUName) || !currentWebsiteSslStartDateString.equals(pinnedSslStartDateString) ||
-                                !currentWebsiteSslEndDateString.equals(pinnedSslEndDateString)))) {
-
-                            // Get a handle for the pinned mismatch alert dialog.
-                            AppCompatDialogFragment pinnedMismatchDialogFragment = PinnedMismatchDialog.displayDialog(pinnedSslCertificate, pinnedIpAddresses);
-
-                            // Show the pinned mismatch alert dialog.
-                            pinnedMismatchDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.pinned_mismatch));
-                        }
+                    // Check the current website information against any pinned domain information if the current IP addresses have been loaded.
+                    if (!gettingIpAddresses) {
+                        checkPinnedMismatch();
                     }
                 }
+
+                // Reset `urlIsLoading`, which is used to prevent reloads on redirect if the user agent changes.  It is also used to determine when to check for pinned mismatches.
+                urlIsLoading = false;
             }
 
             // Handle SSL Certificate errors.
@@ -1863,8 +1804,8 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                     sslErrorHandler = handler;
 
                     // Display the SSL error `AlertDialog`.
-                    AppCompatDialogFragment sslCertificateErrorDialogFragment = SslCertificateErrorDialog.displayDialog(error);
-                    sslCertificateErrorDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.ssl_certificate_error));
+                    DialogFragment sslCertificateErrorDialogFragment = SslCertificateErrorDialog.displayDialog(error);
+                    sslCertificateErrorDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.ssl_certificate_error));
                 }
             }
         });
@@ -1932,6 +1873,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         // Load the URL.
         loadUrl(formattedUrlString);
 
+        // Get a handle for the drawer layout.
+        DrawerLayout drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawerlayout);
+
         // Close the navigation drawer if it is open.
         if (drawerLayout.isDrawerVisible(GravityCompat.START)) {
             drawerLayout.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
@@ -2001,6 +1945,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
 
         // Update the bookmarks drawer if returning from the Bookmarks activity.
         if (restartFromBookmarksActivity) {
+            // Get a handle for the drawer layout.
+            DrawerLayout drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawerlayout);
+
             // Close the bookmarks drawer.
             drawerLayout.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.END);
 
@@ -2043,6 +1990,10 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         }
 
         if (displayingFullScreenVideo) {
+            // Get handles for the layouts that need to be modified.
+            DrawerLayout drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawerlayout);
+            CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout = findViewById(R.id.coordinatorlayout);
+
             // Remove the translucent overlays.
             getWindow().clearFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS);
 
@@ -2053,7 +2004,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
              * SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION hides the navigation bar on the bottom or right of the screen.
              * SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY makes the status and navigation bars translucent and automatically re-hides them after they are shown.
              */
-            rootCoordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY);
+            coordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_FULLSCREEN);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2090,7 +2041,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
 
     @Override
     public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
-        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
+        // Inflate the menu.  This adds items to the action bar if it is present.
         getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.webview_options_menu, menu);
 
         // Set mainMenu so it can be used by `onOptionsItemSelected()` and `updatePrivacyIcons`.
@@ -2162,6 +2113,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
 
     @Override
     public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
+        // Get a handle for the swipe refresh layout.
+        SwipeRefreshLayout swipeRefreshLayout = findViewById(R.id.swiperefreshlayout);
+
         // Get handles for the menu items.
         MenuItem addOrEditDomain = menu.findItem(R.id.add_or_edit_domain);
         MenuItem toggleFirstPartyCookiesMenuItem = menu.findItem(R.id.toggle_first_party_cookies);
@@ -2356,7 +2310,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         // Get the selected menu item ID.
         int menuItemId = menuItem.getItemId();
 
-        // Set the commands that relate to the menu entries.
+        // Run the commands that correlate to the selected menu item.
         switch (menuItemId) {
             case R.id.toggle_javascript:
                 // Switch the status of javaScriptEnabled.
@@ -2527,21 +2481,21 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                             // Do nothing because everything will be handled by `onDismissed()` below.
                         })
                         .addCallback(new Snackbar.Callback() {
+                            @SuppressLint("SwitchIntDef")  // Ignore the lint warning about not handling the other possible events as they are covered by `default:`.
                             @Override
                             public void onDismissed(Snackbar snackbar, int event) {
                                 switch (event) {
-                                    // The user pushed the `Undo` button.
+                                    // The user pushed the undo button.
                                     case Snackbar.Callback.DISMISS_EVENT_ACTION:
                                         // Do nothing.
                                         break;
 
-                                    // The `Snackbar` was dismissed without the `Undo` button being pushed.
+                                    // The snackbar was dismissed without the undo button being pushed.
                                     default:
                                         // `cookieManager.removeAllCookie()` varies by SDK.
                                         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 21) {
                                             cookieManager.removeAllCookie();
                                         } else {
-                                            // `null` indicates no callback.
                                             cookieManager.removeAllCookies(null);
                                         }
                                 }
@@ -2556,15 +2510,16 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                             // Do nothing because everything will be handled by `onDismissed()` below.
                         })
                         .addCallback(new Snackbar.Callback() {
+                            @SuppressLint("SwitchIntDef")  // Ignore the lint warning about not handling the other possible events as they are covered by `default:`.
                             @Override
                             public void onDismissed(Snackbar snackbar, int event) {
                                 switch (event) {
-                                    // The user pushed the `Undo` button.
+                                    // The user pushed the undo button.
                                     case Snackbar.Callback.DISMISS_EVENT_ACTION:
                                         // Do nothing.
                                         break;
 
-                                    // The `Snackbar` was dismissed without the `Undo` button being pushed.
+                                    // The snackbar was dismissed without the undo button being pushed.
                                     default:
                                         // Delete the DOM Storage.
                                         WebStorage webStorage = WebStorage.getInstance();
@@ -2576,15 +2531,22 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                                         // Setup a runnable to manually delete the DOM storage files and directories.
                                         Runnable deleteDomStorageRunnable = () -> {
                                             try {
-                                                // A `String[]` must be used because the directory contains a space and `Runtime.exec` will otherwise not escape the string correctly.
-                                                privacyBrowserRuntime.exec(new String[]{"rm", "-rf", privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Local Storage/"});
+                                                // A string array must be used because the directory contains a space and `Runtime.exec` will otherwise not escape the string correctly.
+                                                Process deleteLocalStorageProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec(new String[]{"rm", "-rf", privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Local Storage/"});
 
                                                 // Multiple commands must be used because `Runtime.exec()` does not like `*`.
-                                                privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/IndexedDB");
-                                                privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/QuotaManager");
-                                                privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/QuotaManager-journal");
-                                                privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/databases");
-                                            } catch (IOException e) {
+                                                Process deleteIndexProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/IndexedDB");
+                                                Process deleteQuotaManagerProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/QuotaManager");
+                                                Process deleteQuotaManagerJournalProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/QuotaManager-journal");
+                                                Process deleteDatabasesProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/databases");
+
+                                                // Wait for the processes to finish.
+                                                deleteLocalStorageProcess.waitFor();
+                                                deleteIndexProcess.waitFor();
+                                                deleteQuotaManagerProcess.waitFor();
+                                                deleteQuotaManagerJournalProcess.waitFor();
+                                                deleteDatabasesProcess.waitFor();
+                                            } catch (Exception exception) {
                                                 // Do nothing if an error is thrown.
                                             }
                                         };
@@ -2604,15 +2566,16 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                             // Do nothing because everything will be handled by `onDismissed()` below.
                         })
                         .addCallback(new Snackbar.Callback() {
+                            @SuppressLint("SwitchIntDef")  // Ignore the lint warning about not handling the other possible events as they are covered by `default:`.
                             @Override
                             public void onDismissed(Snackbar snackbar, int event) {
                                 switch (event) {
-                                    // The user pushed the `Undo` button.
+                                    // The user pushed the undo button.
                                     case Snackbar.Callback.DISMISS_EVENT_ACTION:
                                         // Do nothing.
                                         break;
 
-                                    // The `Snackbar` was dismissed without the `Undo` button being pushed.
+                                    // The snackbar was dismissed without the `Undo` button being pushed.
                                     default:
                                         // Delete the form data.
                                         WebViewDatabase mainWebViewDatabase = WebViewDatabase.getInstance(getApplicationContext());
@@ -2830,6 +2793,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 return true;
 
             case R.id.swipe_to_refresh:
+                // Get a handle for the swipe refresh layout.
+                SwipeRefreshLayout swipeRefreshLayout = findViewById(R.id.swiperefreshlayout);
+
                 // Toggle swipe to refresh.
                 swipeRefreshLayout.setEnabled(!swipeRefreshLayout.isEnabled());
                 return true;
@@ -2873,8 +2839,11 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 return true;
 
             case R.id.find_on_page:
+                // Get a handle for the toolbar.
+                Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
+
                 // Hide the URL app bar.
-                supportAppBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
+                toolbar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
 
                 // Show the Find on Page `RelativeLayout`.
                 findOnPageLinearLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
@@ -2924,36 +2893,16 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 return true;
 
             case R.id.open_with_app:
-                // Create the open with intent with `ACTION_VIEW`.
-                Intent openWithAppIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
-
-                // Set the URI but not the MIME type.  This should open all available apps.
-                openWithAppIntent.setData(Uri.parse(formattedUrlString));
-
-                // Flag the intent to open in a new task.
-                openWithAppIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
-
-                // Show the chooser.
-                startActivity(Intent.createChooser(openWithAppIntent, getString(R.string.open_with)));
+                openWithApp(formattedUrlString);
                 return true;
 
             case R.id.open_with_browser:
-                // Create the open with intent with `ACTION_VIEW`.
-                Intent openWithBrowserIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
-
-                // Set the URI and the MIME type.  `"text/html"` should load browser options.
-                openWithBrowserIntent.setDataAndType(Uri.parse(formattedUrlString), "text/html");
-
-                // Flag the intent to open in a new task.
-                openWithBrowserIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
-
-                // Show the chooser.
-                startActivity(Intent.createChooser(openWithBrowserIntent, getString(R.string.open_with)));
+                openWithBrowser(formattedUrlString);
                 return true;
 
             case R.id.add_to_homescreen:
                 // Show the alert dialog.
-                AppCompatDialogFragment createHomeScreenShortcutDialogFragment = new CreateHomeScreenShortcutDialog();
+                DialogFragment createHomeScreenShortcutDialogFragment = new CreateHomeScreenShortcutDialog();
                 createHomeScreenShortcutDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.create_shortcut));
 
                 //Everything else will be handled by the alert dialog and the associated listener below.
@@ -2980,7 +2929,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
             case R.id.ad_consent:
                 // Display the ad consent dialog.
                 DialogFragment adConsentDialogFragment = new AdConsentDialog();
-                adConsentDialogFragment.show(getFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.ad_consent));
+                adConsentDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.ad_consent));
                 return true;
 
             default:
@@ -3030,8 +2979,8 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 // Get the `WebBackForwardList`.
                 WebBackForwardList webBackForwardList = mainWebView.copyBackForwardList();
 
-                // Show the `UrlHistoryDialog` `AlertDialog` and name this instance `R.string.history`.  `this` is the `Context`.
-                AppCompatDialogFragment urlHistoryDialogFragment = UrlHistoryDialog.loadBackForwardList(this, webBackForwardList);
+                // Show the URL history dialog and name this instance `R.string.history`.
+                DialogFragment urlHistoryDialogFragment = UrlHistoryDialog.loadBackForwardList(this, webBackForwardList);
                 urlHistoryDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.history));
                 break;
 
@@ -3080,6 +3029,12 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 startActivity(importExportIntent);
                 break;
 
+            case R.id.logcat:
+                // Launch the logcat activity.
+                Intent logcatIntent = new Intent(this, LogcatActivity.class);
+                startActivity(logcatIntent);
+                break;
+
             case R.id.guide:
                 // Launch `GuideActivity`.
                 Intent guideIntent = new Intent(this, GuideActivity.class);
@@ -3092,14 +3047,15 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 startActivity(aboutIntent);
                 break;
 
-            case R.id.clearAndExit:
+            case R.id.clear_and_exit:
                 // Close the bookmarks cursor and database.
                 bookmarksCursor.close();
                 bookmarksDatabaseHelper.close();
 
-                // Get a handle for `sharedPreferences`.  `this` references the current context.
+                // Get a handle for the shared preferences.
                 SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
 
+                // Get the status of the clear everything preference.
                 boolean clearEverything = sharedPreferences.getBoolean("clear_everything", true);
 
                 // Clear cookies.
@@ -3113,10 +3069,14 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
 
                     // Manually delete the cookies database, as `CookieManager` sometimes will not flush its changes to disk before `System.exit(0)` is run.
                     try {
-                        // We have to use two commands because `Runtime.exec()` does not like `*`.
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Cookies");
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Cookies-journal");
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        // Two commands must be used because `Runtime.exec()` does not like `*`.
+                        Process deleteCookiesProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Cookies");
+                        Process deleteCookiesJournalProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Cookies-journal");
+
+                        // Wait until the processes have finished.
+                        deleteCookiesProcess.waitFor();
+                        deleteCookiesJournalProcess.waitFor();
+                    } catch (Exception exception) {
                         // Do nothing if an error is thrown.
                     }
                 }
@@ -3130,14 +3090,21 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                     // Manually delete the DOM storage files and directories, as `WebStorage` sometimes will not flush its changes to disk before `System.exit(0)` is run.
                     try {
                         // A `String[]` must be used because the directory contains a space and `Runtime.exec` will otherwise not escape the string correctly.
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec(new String[] {"rm", "-rf", privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Local Storage/"});
+                        Process deleteLocalStorageProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec(new String[] {"rm", "-rf", privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Local Storage/"});
 
                         // Multiple commands must be used because `Runtime.exec()` does not like `*`.
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/IndexedDB");
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/QuotaManager");
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/QuotaManager-journal");
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/databases");
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        Process deleteIndexProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/IndexedDB");
+                        Process deleteQuotaManagerProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/QuotaManager");
+                        Process deleteQuotaManagerJournalProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -f " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/QuotaManager-journal");
+                        Process deleteDatabaseProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/databases");
+
+                        // Wait until the processes have finished.
+                        deleteLocalStorageProcess.waitFor();
+                        deleteIndexProcess.waitFor();
+                        deleteQuotaManagerProcess.waitFor();
+                        deleteQuotaManagerJournalProcess.waitFor();
+                        deleteDatabaseProcess.waitFor();
+                    } catch (Exception exception) {
                         // Do nothing if an error is thrown.
                     }
                 }
@@ -3149,10 +3116,14 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
 
                     // Manually delete the form data database, as `WebViewDatabase` sometimes will not flush its changes to disk before `System.exit(0)` is run.
                     try {
-                        // We have to use a `String[]` because the database contains a space and `Runtime.exec` will not escape the string correctly otherwise.
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec(new String[] {"rm", "-f", privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Web Data"});
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec(new String[] {"rm", "-f", privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Web Data-journal"});
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        // A string array must be used because the database contains a space and `Runtime.exec` will not otherwise escape the string correctly.
+                        Process deleteWebDataProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec(new String[] {"rm", "-f", privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Web Data"});
+                        Process deleteWebDataJournalProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec(new String[] {"rm", "-f", privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Web Data-journal"});
+
+                        // Wait until the processes have finished.
+                        deleteWebDataProcess.waitFor();
+                        deleteWebDataJournalProcess.waitFor();
+                    } catch (Exception exception) {
                         // Do nothing if an error is thrown.
                     }
                 }
@@ -3165,12 +3136,16 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                     // Manually delete the cache directories.
                     try {
                         // Delete the main cache directory.
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/cache");
+                        Process deleteCacheProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/cache");
 
                         // Delete the secondary `Service Worker` cache directory.
-                        // A `String[]` must be used because the directory contains a space and `Runtime.exec` will not escape the string correctly otherwise.
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec(new String[] {"rm", "-rf", privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Service Worker/"});
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        // A string array must be used because the directory contains a space and `Runtime.exec` will otherwise not escape the string correctly.
+                        Process deleteServiceWorkerProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec(new String[] {"rm", "-rf", privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview/Service Worker/"});
+
+                        // Wait until the processes have finished.
+                        deleteCacheProcess.waitFor();
+                        deleteServiceWorkerProcess.waitFor();
+                    } catch (Exception exception) {
                         // Do nothing if an error is thrown.
                     }
                 }
@@ -3187,9 +3162,6 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 // Clear `customHeaders`.
                 customHeaders.clear();
 
-                // Detach all views from `mainWebViewRelativeLayout`.
-                mainWebViewRelativeLayout.removeAllViews();
-
                 // Destroy the internal state of `mainWebView`.
                 mainWebView.destroy();
 
@@ -3197,8 +3169,12 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 // See `https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=233826&thanks=233826&ts=1486670530`.
                 if (clearEverything) {
                     try {
-                        privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview");
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        // Delete the folder.
+                        Process deleteAppWebviewProcess = privacyBrowserRuntime.exec("rm -rf " + privateDataDirectoryString + "/app_webview");
+
+                        // Wait until the process has finished.
+                        deleteAppWebviewProcess.waitFor();
+                    } catch (Exception exception) {
                         // Do nothing if an error is thrown.
                     }
                 }
@@ -3215,6 +3191,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 break;
         }
 
+        // Get a handle for the drawer layout.
+        DrawerLayout drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawerlayout);
+
         // Close the navigation drawer.
         drawerLayout.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
         return true;
@@ -3222,10 +3201,11 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
 
     @Override
     public void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        // Run the default commands.
         super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
 
         // Sync the state of the DrawerToggle after onRestoreInstanceState has finished.
-        drawerToggle.syncState();
+        actionBarDrawerToggle.syncState();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -3264,8 +3244,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         final String imageUrl;
         final String linkUrl;
 
-        // Get a handle for the `ClipboardManager`.
+        // Get a handle for the the clipboard and fragment managers.
         final ClipboardManager clipboardManager = (ClipboardManager) getSystemService(CLIPBOARD_SERVICE);
+        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
 
         // Remove the lint errors below that `clipboardManager` might be `null`.
         assert clipboardManager != null;
@@ -3314,23 +3295,35 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                                 DialogFragment downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment = DownloadLocationPermissionDialog.downloadType(DownloadLocationPermissionDialog.DOWNLOAD_FILE);
 
                                 // Show the download location permission alert dialog.  The permission will be requested when the the dialog is closed.
-                                downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment.show(getFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download_location));
+                                downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download_location));
                             } else {  // Show the permission request directly.
                                 // Request the permission.  The download dialog will be launched by `onRequestPermissionResult()`.
                                 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, DOWNLOAD_FILE_REQUEST_CODE);
                             }
                         } else {  // The storage permission has already been granted.
                             // Get a handle for the download file alert dialog.
-                            AppCompatDialogFragment downloadFileDialogFragment = DownloadFileDialog.fromUrl(linkUrl, "none", -1);
+                            DialogFragment downloadFileDialogFragment = DownloadFileDialog.fromUrl(linkUrl, "none", -1);
 
                             // Show the download file alert dialog.
-                            downloadFileDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download));
+                            downloadFileDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download));
                         }
                     }
                     return false;
                 });
 
-                // Add a `Cancel` entry, which by default closes the `ContextMenu`.
+                // Add an Open with App entry.
+                menu.add(R.string.open_with_app).setOnMenuItemClickListener((MenuItem item) -> {
+                    openWithApp(linkUrl);
+                    return false;
+                });
+
+                // Add an Open with Browser entry.
+                menu.add(R.string.open_with_browser).setOnMenuItemClickListener((MenuItem item) -> {
+                    openWithBrowser(linkUrl);
+                    return false;
+                });
+
+                // Add a Cancel entry, which by default closes the context menu.
                 menu.add(R.string.cancel);
                 break;
 
@@ -3341,7 +3334,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 // Set the target URL as the title of the `ContextMenu`.
                 menu.setHeaderTitle(linkUrl);
 
-                // Add a `Write Email` entry.
+                // Add a Write Email entry.
                 menu.add(R.string.write_email).setOnMenuItemClickListener(item -> {
                     // Use `ACTION_SENDTO` instead of `ACTION_SEND` so that only email programs are launched.
                     Intent emailIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO);
@@ -3357,7 +3350,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                     return false;
                 });
 
-                // Add a `Copy Email Address` entry.
+                // Add a Copy Email Address entry.
                 menu.add(R.string.copy_email_address).setOnMenuItemClickListener(item -> {
                     // Save the email address in a `ClipData`.
                     ClipData srcEmailTypeClipData = ClipData.newPlainText(getString(R.string.email_address), linkUrl);
@@ -3379,13 +3372,13 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 // Set the image URL as the title of the `ContextMenu`.
                 menu.setHeaderTitle(imageUrl);
 
-                // Add a `View Image` entry.
+                // Add a View Image entry.
                 menu.add(R.string.view_image).setOnMenuItemClickListener(item -> {
                     loadUrl(imageUrl);
                     return false;
                 });
 
-                // Add a `Download Image` entry.
+                // Add a Download Image entry.
                 menu.add(R.string.download_image).setOnMenuItemClickListener((MenuItem item) -> {
                     // Check if the download should be processed by an external app.
                     if (downloadWithExternalApp) {  // Download with an external app.
@@ -3402,23 +3395,23 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                                 DialogFragment downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment = DownloadLocationPermissionDialog.downloadType(DownloadLocationPermissionDialog.DOWNLOAD_IMAGE);
 
                                 // Show the download location permission alert dialog.  The permission will be requested when the dialog is closed.
-                                downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment.show(getFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download_location));
+                                downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download_location));
                             } else {  // Show the permission request directly.
                                 // Request the permission.  The download dialog will be launched by `onRequestPermissionResult().
                                 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, DOWNLOAD_IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE);
                             }
                         } else {  // The storage permission has already been granted.
                             // Get a handle for the download image alert dialog.
-                            AppCompatDialogFragment downloadImageDialogFragment = DownloadImageDialog.imageUrl(imageUrl);
+                            DialogFragment downloadImageDialogFragment = DownloadImageDialog.imageUrl(imageUrl);
 
                             // Show the download image alert dialog.
-                            downloadImageDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download));
+                            downloadImageDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download));
                         }
                     }
                     return false;
                 });
 
-                // Add a `Copy URL` entry.
+                // Add a Copy URL entry.
                 menu.add(R.string.copy_url).setOnMenuItemClickListener(item -> {
                     // Save the image URL in a `ClipData`.
                     ClipData srcImageTypeClipData = ClipData.newPlainText(getString(R.string.url), imageUrl);
@@ -3428,6 +3421,18 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                     return false;
                 });
 
+                // Add an Open with App entry.
+                menu.add(R.string.open_with_app).setOnMenuItemClickListener((MenuItem item) -> {
+                    openWithApp(imageUrl);
+                    return false;
+                });
+
+                // Add an Open with Browser entry.
+                menu.add(R.string.open_with_browser).setOnMenuItemClickListener((MenuItem item) -> {
+                    openWithBrowser(imageUrl);
+                    return false;
+                });
+
                 // Add a `Cancel` entry, which by default closes the `ContextMenu`.
                 menu.add(R.string.cancel);
                 break;
@@ -3464,17 +3469,17 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                                 DialogFragment downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment = DownloadLocationPermissionDialog.downloadType(DownloadLocationPermissionDialog.DOWNLOAD_IMAGE);
 
                                 // Show the download location permission alert dialog.  The permission will be requested when the dialog is closed.
-                                downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment.show(getFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download_location));
+                                downloadLocationPermissionDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download_location));
                             } else {  // Show the permission request directly.
                                 // Request the permission.  The download dialog will be launched by `onRequestPermissionResult().
                                 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, DOWNLOAD_IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE);
                             }
                         } else {  // The storage permission has already been granted.
                             // Get a handle for the download image alert dialog.
-                            AppCompatDialogFragment downloadImageDialogFragment = DownloadImageDialog.imageUrl(imageUrl);
+                            DialogFragment downloadImageDialogFragment = DownloadImageDialog.imageUrl(imageUrl);
 
                             // Show the download image alert dialog.
-                            downloadImageDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download));
+                            downloadImageDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download));
                         }
                     }
                     return false;
@@ -3490,6 +3495,18 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                     return false;
                 });
 
+                // Add an Open with App entry.
+                menu.add(R.string.open_with_app).setOnMenuItemClickListener((MenuItem item) -> {
+                    openWithApp(imageUrl);
+                    return false;
+                });
+
+                // Add an Open with Browser entry.
+                menu.add(R.string.open_with_browser).setOnMenuItemClickListener((MenuItem item) -> {
+                    openWithBrowser(imageUrl);
+                    return false;
+                });
+
                 // Add a `Cancel` entry, which by default closes the `ContextMenu`.
                 menu.add(R.string.cancel);
                 break;
@@ -3497,7 +3514,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onCreateBookmark(AppCompatDialogFragment dialogFragment) {
+    public void onCreateBookmark(DialogFragment dialogFragment) {
         // Get the `EditTexts` from the `dialogFragment`.
         EditText createBookmarkNameEditText = dialogFragment.getDialog().findViewById(R.id.create_bookmark_name_edittext);
         EditText createBookmarkUrlEditText = dialogFragment.getDialog().findViewById(R.id.create_bookmark_url_edittext);
@@ -3528,7 +3545,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onCreateBookmarkFolder(AppCompatDialogFragment dialogFragment) {
+    public void onCreateBookmarkFolder(DialogFragment dialogFragment) {
         // Get handles for the views in `dialogFragment`.
         EditText createFolderNameEditText = dialogFragment.getDialog().findViewById(R.id.create_folder_name_edittext);
         RadioButton defaultFolderIconRadioButton = dialogFragment.getDialog().findViewById(R.id.create_folder_default_icon_radiobutton);
@@ -3573,7 +3590,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onCreateHomeScreenShortcut(AppCompatDialogFragment dialogFragment) {
+    public void onCreateHomeScreenShortcut(DialogFragment dialogFragment) {
         // Get the shortcut name.
         EditText shortcutNameEditText = dialogFragment.getDialog().findViewById(R.id.shortcut_name_edittext);
         String shortcutNameString = shortcutNameEditText.getText().toString();
@@ -3614,16 +3631,19 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
 
     @Override
     public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
+        // Get a handle for the fragment manager.
+        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
+
         switch (requestCode) {
             case DOWNLOAD_FILE_REQUEST_CODE:
                 // Show the download file alert dialog.  When the dialog closes, the correct command will be used based on the permission status.
-                AppCompatDialogFragment downloadFileDialogFragment = DownloadFileDialog.fromUrl(downloadUrl, downloadContentDisposition, downloadContentLength);
+                DialogFragment downloadFileDialogFragment = DownloadFileDialog.fromUrl(downloadUrl, downloadContentDisposition, downloadContentLength);
 
                 // On API 23, displaying the fragment must be delayed or the app will crash.
                 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == 23) {
-                    new Handler().postDelayed(() -> downloadFileDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download)), 500);
+                    new Handler().postDelayed(() -> downloadFileDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download)), 500);
                 } else {
-                    downloadFileDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download));
+                    downloadFileDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download));
                 }
 
                 // Reset the download variables.
@@ -3634,13 +3654,13 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
 
             case DOWNLOAD_IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE:
                 // Show the download image alert dialog.  When the dialog closes, the correct command will be used based on the permission status.
-                AppCompatDialogFragment downloadImageDialogFragment = DownloadImageDialog.imageUrl(downloadImageUrl);
+                DialogFragment downloadImageDialogFragment = DownloadImageDialog.imageUrl(downloadImageUrl);
 
                 // On API 23, displaying the fragment must be delayed or the app will crash.
                 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == 23) {
-                    new Handler().postDelayed(() -> downloadImageDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download)), 500);
+                    new Handler().postDelayed(() -> downloadImageDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download)), 500);
                 } else {
-                    downloadImageDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.download));
+                    downloadImageDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, getString(R.string.download));
                 }
 
                 // Reset the image URL variable.
@@ -3650,7 +3670,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onDownloadImage(AppCompatDialogFragment dialogFragment, String imageUrl) {
+    public void onDownloadImage(DialogFragment dialogFragment, String imageUrl) {
         // Download the image if it has an HTTP or HTTPS URI.
         if (imageUrl.startsWith("http")) {
             // Get a handle for the system `DOWNLOAD_SERVICE`.
@@ -3702,7 +3722,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onDownloadFile(AppCompatDialogFragment dialogFragment, String downloadUrl) {
+    public void onDownloadFile(DialogFragment dialogFragment, String downloadUrl) {
         // Download the file if it has an HTTP or HTTPS URI.
         if (downloadUrl.startsWith("http")) {
             // Get a handle for the system `DOWNLOAD_SERVICE`.
@@ -3754,7 +3774,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onSaveBookmark(AppCompatDialogFragment dialogFragment, int selectedBookmarkDatabaseId) {
+    public void onSaveBookmark(DialogFragment dialogFragment, int selectedBookmarkDatabaseId) {
         // Get handles for the views from `dialogFragment`.
         EditText editBookmarkNameEditText = dialogFragment.getDialog().findViewById(R.id.edit_bookmark_name_edittext);
         EditText editBookmarkUrlEditText = dialogFragment.getDialog().findViewById(R.id.edit_bookmark_url_edittext);
@@ -3785,7 +3805,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onSaveBookmarkFolder(AppCompatDialogFragment dialogFragment, int selectedFolderDatabaseId) {
+    public void onSaveBookmarkFolder(DialogFragment dialogFragment, int selectedFolderDatabaseId) {
         // Get handles for the views from `dialogFragment`.
         EditText editFolderNameEditText = dialogFragment.getDialog().findViewById(R.id.edit_folder_name_edittext);
         RadioButton currentFolderIconRadioButton = dialogFragment.getDialog().findViewById(R.id.edit_folder_current_icon_radiobutton);
@@ -3853,7 +3873,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onHttpAuthenticationProceed(AppCompatDialogFragment dialogFragment) {
+    public void onHttpAuthenticationProceed(DialogFragment dialogFragment) {
         // Get handles for the `EditTexts`.
         EditText usernameEditText = dialogFragment.getDialog().findViewById(R.id.http_authentication_username);
         EditText passwordEditText = dialogFragment.getDialog().findViewById(R.id.http_authentication_password);
@@ -3865,7 +3885,7 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     public void viewSslCertificate(View view) {
         // Show the `ViewSslCertificateDialog` `AlertDialog` and name this instance `@string/view_ssl_certificate`.
         DialogFragment viewSslCertificateDialogFragment = new ViewSslCertificateDialog();
-        viewSslCertificateDialogFragment.show(getFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.view_ssl_certificate));
+        viewSslCertificateDialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.view_ssl_certificate));
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -3922,6 +3942,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
     // Override `onBackPressed` to handle the navigation drawer and `mainWebView`.
     @Override
     public void onBackPressed() {
+        // Get a handle for the drawer layout.
+        DrawerLayout drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawerlayout);
+
         if (drawerLayout.isDrawerVisible(GravityCompat.START)) {  // The navigation drawer is open.
             // Close the navigation drawer.
             drawerLayout.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
@@ -4064,8 +4087,11 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         // Hide the Find on Page `RelativeLayout`.
         findOnPageLinearLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
 
-        // Show the URL app bar.
-        supportAppBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
+        // Get a handle for the toolbar.
+        Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
+
+        // Show the toolbar.
+        toolbar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
 
         // Hide the keyboard so we can see the webpage.  `0` indicates no additional flags.
         inputMethodManager.hideSoftInputFromWindow(mainWebView.getWindowToken(), 0);
@@ -4094,6 +4120,11 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
             customHeaders.remove("DNT");
         }
 
+        // Get handles for the views that need to be modified.  `getSupportActionBar()` must be used until the minimum API >= 21.
+        DrawerLayout drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawerlayout);
+        CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout = findViewById(R.id.coordinatorlayout);
+        ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
+
         // Apply the appropriate full screen mode the `SYSTEM_UI` flags.
         if (fullScreenBrowsingModeEnabled && inFullScreenBrowsingMode) {  // Privacy Browser is currently in full screen browsing mode.
             if (hideSystemBarsOnFullscreen) {  // Hide everything.
@@ -4110,10 +4141,10 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                  * SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION hides the navigation bar on the bottom or right of the screen.
                  * SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY makes the status and navigation bars translucent and automatically re-hides them after they are shown.
                  */
-                rootCoordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY);
+                coordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY);
             } else {  // Hide everything except the status and navigation bars.
-                // Remove any `SYSTEM_UI` flags from `rootCoordinatorLayout`.
-                rootCoordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(0);
+                // Remove any `SYSTEM_UI` flags from the coordinator layout.
+                coordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(0);
 
                 // Add the translucent status flag if it is unset.
                 getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS);
@@ -4130,19 +4161,22 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
             // Reset the full screen tracker, which could be true if Privacy Browser was in full screen mode before entering settings and full screen browsing was disabled.
             inFullScreenBrowsingMode = false;
 
-            // Show the `appBar` if `findOnPageLinearLayout` is not visible.
+            // Remove the incorrect lint warning below that the action bar might be null.
+            assert actionBar != null;
+
+            // Show the action bar if the find on page linear layout is not visible.
             if (findOnPageLinearLayout.getVisibility() == View.GONE) {
-                appBar.show();
+                actionBar.show();
             }
 
             // Show the `BannerAd` in the free flavor.
             if (BuildConfig.FLAVOR.contentEquals("free")) {
                 // Initialize the ad.  The AdView is destroyed and recreated, which changes the ID, every time it is reloaded to handle possible rotations.
-                AdHelper.initializeAds(findViewById(R.id.adview), getApplicationContext(), getFragmentManager(), getString(R.string.google_app_id), getString(R.string.ad_unit_id));
+                AdHelper.initializeAds(findViewById(R.id.adview), getApplicationContext(), fragmentManager, getString(R.string.google_app_id), getString(R.string.ad_unit_id));
             }
 
-            // Remove any `SYSTEM_UI` flags from `rootCoordinatorLayout`.
-            rootCoordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(0);
+            // Remove any `SYSTEM_UI` flags from the coordinator layout.
+            coordinatorLayout.setSystemUiVisibility(0);
 
             // Remove the translucent navigation bar flag if it is set.
             getWindow().clearFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION);
@@ -4150,8 +4184,8 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
             // Add the translucent status flag if it is unset.  This also resets `drawerLayout's` `View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_FULLSCREEN`.
             getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS);
 
-            // Constrain `rootCoordinatorLayout` inside the status and navigation bars.
-            rootCoordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(true);
+            // Constrain the coordinator layout inside the status and navigation bars.
+            coordinatorLayout.setFitsSystemWindows(true);
         }
     }
 
@@ -4202,6 +4236,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
                 favoriteIconImageView.setImageBitmap(Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(favoriteIconBitmap, 64, 64, true));
             }
 
+            // Get a handle for the swipe refresh layout.
+            SwipeRefreshLayout swipeRefreshLayout = findViewById(R.id.swiperefreshlayout);
+
             // Initialize the database handler.  The `0` specifies the database version, but that is ignored and set instead using a constant in `DomainsDatabaseHelper`.
             DomainsDatabaseHelper domainsDatabaseHelper = new DomainsDatabaseHelper(this, null, null, 0);
 
@@ -4547,6 +4584,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
             if (mainMenu != null) {
                 updatePrivacyIcons(true);
             }
+
+            // TODO.
+            swipeRefreshLayout.setEnabled(false);
         }
 
         // Reload the website if returning from the Domains activity.
@@ -4570,6 +4610,12 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         String searchString = sharedPreferences.getString("search", getString(R.string.search_default_value));
         String searchCustomUrlString = sharedPreferences.getString("search_custom_url", getString(R.string.search_custom_url_default_value));
 
+        // Get a handle for the action bar.  `getSupportActionBar()` must be used until the minimum API >= 21.
+        ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
+
+        // Remove the incorrect lint warning later that the action bar might be null.
+        assert actionBar != null;
+
         // Set the homepage, search, and proxy options.
         if (proxyThroughOrbot) {  // Set the Tor options.
             // Set `torHomepageString` as `homepage`.
@@ -4592,9 +4638,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
 
             // Set the `appBar` background to indicate proxying through Orbot is enabled.  `this` refers to the context.
             if (darkTheme) {
-                appBar.setBackgroundDrawable(ContextCompat.getDrawable(this, R.color.dark_blue_30));
+                actionBar.setBackgroundDrawable(ContextCompat.getDrawable(this, R.color.dark_blue_30));
             } else {
-                appBar.setBackgroundDrawable(ContextCompat.getDrawable(this, R.color.blue_50));
+                actionBar.setBackgroundDrawable(ContextCompat.getDrawable(this, R.color.blue_50));
             }
 
             // Check to see if Orbot is ready.
@@ -4632,9 +4678,9 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
 
             // Set the default `appBar` background.  `this` refers to the context.
             if (darkTheme) {
-                appBar.setBackgroundDrawable(ContextCompat.getDrawable(this, R.color.gray_900));
+                actionBar.setBackgroundDrawable(ContextCompat.getDrawable(this, R.color.gray_900));
             } else {
-                appBar.setBackgroundDrawable(ContextCompat.getDrawable(this, R.color.gray_100));
+                actionBar.setBackgroundDrawable(ContextCompat.getDrawable(this, R.color.gray_100));
             }
 
             // Reset `waitingForOrbot.
@@ -4830,6 +4876,98 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         }
     }
 
+    private void openWithApp(String url) {
+        // Create the open with intent with `ACTION_VIEW`.
+        Intent openWithAppIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
+
+        // Set the URI but not the MIME type.  This should open all available apps.
+        openWithAppIntent.setData(Uri.parse(url));
+
+        // Flag the intent to open in a new task.
+        openWithAppIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+
+        // Show the chooser.
+        startActivity(openWithAppIntent);
+    }
+
+    private void openWithBrowser(String url) {
+        // Create the open with intent with `ACTION_VIEW`.
+        Intent openWithBrowserIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
+
+        // Set the URI and the MIME type.  `"text/html"` should load browser options.
+        openWithBrowserIntent.setDataAndType(Uri.parse(url), "text/html");
+
+        // Flag the intent to open in a new task.
+        openWithBrowserIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+
+        // Show the chooser.
+        startActivity(openWithBrowserIntent);
+    }
+
+    private static void checkPinnedMismatch() {
+        if ((pinnedSslCertificate || pinnedIpAddresses) && !ignorePinnedDomainInformation) {
+            // Initialize the current SSL certificate variables.
+            String currentWebsiteIssuedToCName = "";
+            String currentWebsiteIssuedToOName = "";
+            String currentWebsiteIssuedToUName = "";
+            String currentWebsiteIssuedByCName = "";
+            String currentWebsiteIssuedByOName = "";
+            String currentWebsiteIssuedByUName = "";
+            Date currentWebsiteSslStartDate = null;
+            Date currentWebsiteSslEndDate = null;
+
+
+            // Extract the individual pieces of information from the current website SSL certificate if it is not null.
+            if (sslCertificate != null) {
+                currentWebsiteIssuedToCName = sslCertificate.getIssuedTo().getCName();
+                currentWebsiteIssuedToOName = sslCertificate.getIssuedTo().getOName();
+                currentWebsiteIssuedToUName = sslCertificate.getIssuedTo().getUName();
+                currentWebsiteIssuedByCName = sslCertificate.getIssuedBy().getCName();
+                currentWebsiteIssuedByOName = sslCertificate.getIssuedBy().getOName();
+                currentWebsiteIssuedByUName = sslCertificate.getIssuedBy().getUName();
+                currentWebsiteSslStartDate = sslCertificate.getValidNotBeforeDate();
+                currentWebsiteSslEndDate = sslCertificate.getValidNotAfterDate();
+            }
+
+            // Initialize string variables to store the SSL certificate dates.  Strings are needed to compare the values below, which doesn't work with `Dates` if they are `null`.
+            String currentWebsiteSslStartDateString = "";
+            String currentWebsiteSslEndDateString = "";
+            String pinnedSslStartDateString = "";
+            String pinnedSslEndDateString = "";
+
+            // Convert the `Dates` to `Strings` if they are not `null`.
+            if (currentWebsiteSslStartDate != null) {
+                currentWebsiteSslStartDateString = currentWebsiteSslStartDate.toString();
+            }
+
+            if (currentWebsiteSslEndDate != null) {
+                currentWebsiteSslEndDateString = currentWebsiteSslEndDate.toString();
+            }
+
+            if (pinnedSslStartDate != null) {
+                pinnedSslStartDateString = pinnedSslStartDate.toString();
+            }
+
+            if (pinnedSslEndDate != null) {
+                pinnedSslEndDateString = pinnedSslEndDate.toString();
+            }
+
+            // Check to see if the pinned information matches the current information.
+            if ((pinnedIpAddresses && !currentHostIpAddresses.equals(pinnedHostIpAddresses)) || (pinnedSslCertificate && (!currentWebsiteIssuedToCName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedToCName) ||
+                    !currentWebsiteIssuedToOName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedToOName) || !currentWebsiteIssuedToUName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedToUName) ||
+                    !currentWebsiteIssuedByCName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedByCName) || !currentWebsiteIssuedByOName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedByOName) ||
+                    !currentWebsiteIssuedByUName.equals(pinnedSslIssuedByUName) || !currentWebsiteSslStartDateString.equals(pinnedSslStartDateString) ||
+                    !currentWebsiteSslEndDateString.equals(pinnedSslEndDateString)))) {
+
+                // Get a handle for the pinned mismatch alert dialog.
+                DialogFragment pinnedMismatchDialogFragment = PinnedMismatchDialog.displayDialog(pinnedSslCertificate, pinnedIpAddresses);
+
+                // Show the pinned mismatch alert dialog.
+                pinnedMismatchDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, "Pinned Mismatch");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     // This must run asynchronously because it involves a network request.  `String` declares the parameters.  `Void` does not declare progress units.  `String` contains the results.
     private static class GetHostIpAddresses extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {
         // The weak references are used to determine if the activity have disappeared while the AsyncTask is running.
@@ -4840,12 +4978,28 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
             activityWeakReference = new WeakReference<>(activity);
         }
 
+        // `onPreExecute()` operates on the UI thread.
+        @Override
+        protected void onPreExecute() {
+            // Get a handle for the activity.
+            Activity activity = activityWeakReference.get();
+
+            // Abort if the activity is gone.
+            if ((activity == null) || activity.isFinishing()) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Set the getting IP addresses tracker.
+            gettingIpAddresses = true;
+        }
+
+
         @Override
         protected String doInBackground(String... domainName) {
-            // Get handles for the activity and the alert dialog.
+            // Get a handle for the activity.
             Activity activity = activityWeakReference.get();
 
-            // Abort if the activity or the dialog is gone.
+            // Abort if the activity is gone.
             if ((activity == null) || activity.isFinishing()) {
                 // Return an empty spannable string builder.
                 return "";
@@ -4883,16 +5037,23 @@ public class MainWebViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CreateBook
         // `onPostExecute()` operates on the UI thread.
         @Override
         protected void onPostExecute(String ipAddresses) {
-            // Get handles for the activity and the alert dialog.
+            // Get a handle for the activity.
             Activity activity = activityWeakReference.get();
 
-            // Abort if the activity or the alert dialog is gone.
+            // Abort if the activity is gone.
             if ((activity == null) || activity.isFinishing()) {
                 return;
             }
 
             // Store the IP addresses.
             currentHostIpAddresses = ipAddresses;
+
+            if (!urlIsLoading) {
+                checkPinnedMismatch();
+            }
+
+            // Reset the getting IP addresses tracker.
+            gettingIpAddresses = false;
         }
     }
 }
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