There are two general categories of bad actors that want to infringe on the privacy of the web: + malicious governments with access to ISPs (Internet Service Providers) and mega corporations that run social and advertising networks. + Proxies like TOR (The Onion Router) and I2P (the Invisible Internet Project) are useful in protecting privacy from malicious governments (which spy on traffic in transit) + but not from mega corporations (which embed malicious code on web servers).
+ + +Malicious governments often spy on their citizens to punish dissent or human rights activity. + They commonly either operate the local ISPs or they can force them to disclose information showing every IP address that is visited by each user. + Layered proxies are designed to defeat this infringement of privacy by encrypting the traffic from a userâs device and routing it through multiple servers on the internet + before sending it on to the final destination. + This means that no individual ISP, server, or website, can know both the IP address of the userâs device and the IP address of the final web server. + Malicious governments and the ISPs they control cannot tell which web servers a user is accessing, although they can tell that the user is using a layered proxy service. + In some parts of the world, using proxies could be construed as an evidence of illegal behavior (âIf you didnât have anything to hide you wouldnât be encrypting your trafficâ) + and users could be punished because governments assume they are doing something that is prohibited. Thus, proxies can be helpful, but they arenât a panacea.
+ + +When a user connects to a web server, the web server can see the userâs IP address. + Although it isnât a perfect science, IP addresses can be turned into physical addresses with a fair amount of accuracy. + Small web servers typically rely on IP addresses to identify the location of the users visiting their site. Proxies are a good solution to mask the userâs location from these servers. + But large mega corporations that own social media and advertising networks use a whole profile of information that is designed to track users across devices and IP addresses. + These profiles employ a variety of techniques to identify users, including JavaScript, cookies, tracking IDs, and browser fingerprinting. + Because the vast majority of the websites on the internet either load an ad from one of the major networks or embed social media icons with their associated JavaScript, + these corporations have built profiles for almost every online user and can track their internet activity across unrelated sites.
+ +They track every site that is visited, everything that is purchased, every credit card that is used to make a purchase, every address that items are shipped to, + and the GPS metadata of every picture that is uploaded to the internet. + They build a profile of a userâs age, gender, marital status, address, political affiliations, religious affiliations, family circumstances, number of pets, + and everything else they can get their hands on. + They even buy up databases of credit card transactions at local stores, so they can track the off-line purchasing patterns of the users in their profiles. + Because they already have much more accurate address information about a user than an IP address discloses, proxies provides no real privacy protection against mega corporations.
+ +The single best privacy protection against mega corporations is to browse the web with JavaScript disabled, followed by blocking ad networks, disabling cookies and DOM storage, + and using a browser that is difficult to fingerprint.
+ + +Despite their limitations, proxies can be useful in some circumstances. + Tor and I2P + have Android apps that make it easy to use their proxy networks. When proxying is turned on in Privacy Browser, the app bar will have a light blue background instead of the default light grey. + Because traffic is being routed through several proxy nodes, using a layered proxy is often much slower than connecting directly to the internet.
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